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小尺度危险空间碎片(厘米量级)是空间碎片监测的难点之一。针对厘米级空间碎片的探测需求,提出了一种基于天基激光雷达的主动探测新方案。该方案对激光强度进行宽带射频调制,并采用光学相干零差检测方式,通过chirp强度调制信号来获取空间碎片的距离和速度信息,在提高接收信噪比的同时简化了系统结构。首先简要介绍了该激光雷达的系统组成和工作原理,分析研究了系统在不同条件下的探测性能,并与传统直接检测激光雷达的探测性能进行了对比。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该探测方案是可行和有效的,对空间碎片的有效探测距离可达50 km以上。
Small-scale hazardous space debris (centimeter magnitude) is one of the difficulties in space debris monitoring. In order to detect the centimeter-level space debris, a new active detection scheme based on space-based lidar was proposed. In this scheme, the laser intensity is modulated by wideband radio frequency and the optical coherence homodyne detection method is adopted. The chirp intensity modulation signal is used to obtain the distance and velocity information of the space debris, which simplifies the system structure while improving the received signal-to-noise ratio. The system composition and working principle of the lidar are briefly introduced. The detection performance of the system under different conditions is analyzed and compared with that of the conventional direct detection lidar. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this detection scheme is feasible and effective, and the effective detection range of space debris can reach more than 50 km.