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妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠前糖代谢正常或有潜在糖耐量减退,妊娠期才出现或发现糖尿病。糖尿病孕妇中80%以上为GDM,我国发生率1%～5%[1],近年来有明显增高趋势。GDM对母儿危害极大,孕期并发症有妊娠期高血压疾病、酮症酸中毒、感染、羊水过多、巨大儿、胎儿生长受限、胎儿畸形、早产、流产、死胎、死产等;对新生儿影响有新生儿低血糖、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等;远期并发症为孕妇患糖尿病几率增加。加强对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的早期筛查和孕期管理是提高妊娠质量、降低并发症、保障母婴健康的关键。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy or potential impaired glucose tolerance, pregnancy occurs or found in diabetes. More than 80% of pregnant women with diabetes as GDM, the incidence of 1% to 5% [1], in recent years have significantly increased. GDM is extremely harmful to both mother and child. Pregnancy complications include gestational hypertension, ketoacidosis, infection, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fetal growth restriction, fetal malformation, premature delivery, miscarriage, stillbirth and stillbirth. Impact on newborns neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, etc .; long-term complications of increased risk of diabetes in pregnant women. To strengthen the early screening of pregnant women with gestational diabetes and pregnancy management is to improve the quality of pregnancy, reduce complications and protect the health of mothers and children the key.