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马克思的资本主义研究在政治上是批判性的、在哲学上是“复杂”的,这是因为,他所关注的是把日常经验范畴与经济学中的“技术性”范畴联系起来的那种意义;而且他还从哲学的层面关注“经济学范畴”在经验话语中的象征维度,以及它们与各种层次上的权力不平等之间的关系。马克思很少使用资本主义,甚至资本主义生产方式的概念,而是更多地使用市民社会的生产方式概念,他在其著作中对市民社会概念的使用导致了不少的混淆。马克思的资本概念是作为推动阶级斗争并进而促成社会生产及交换关系的革命的“主发条”而存在的,虽然这一概念具有一些缺陷,但其在方法论上和某些内容上依然是阶级社会分析理论的典范。
Marx’s study of capitalism is politically critical and philosophically “complex,” because he is concerned with the meaning of the category of everyday experience linked to the “technical” category of economics; And he also focuses philosophically on the symbolic dimensions of “economic categories” in empirical discourse and on their relationship to power inequalities at various levels. Marx seldom used the concepts of capitalism and even capitalist mode of production. Instead, he made greater use of the concept of mode of production in civil society and led to much confusion in his writings about the use of the concept of civil society. The concept of capital in Marx exists as a “mainspring” of the revolution which promotes the class struggle and, in turn, promotes the social production and exchange of relations. Although this concept has some shortcomings, it is still methodologically and in some ways still a class A model of social analysis theory.