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中国海油惠州炼油分公司420×104t/a延迟焦化装置采用“两炉四塔”工艺技术,设计加工减压渣油,正常在线清焦周期在4～6个月。2010年6月,该装置掺炼催化油浆,在不到2个月的时间内焦化加热炉对流段与对流入口严重结焦,导致装置分炉进行机械清焦。通过对焦块取样化验分析并从工艺角度进行综合分析,得出了加热炉结焦的主要原因是:催化油浆含有0.5%～1.0%的附着有铁、镍、钒、钙等重金属和焦炭的催化剂固体颗粒,极易吸附从焦炭塔带来的泡沫焦焦粉颗粒和塔底油中的沥青质和胶质分子,形成更多的结焦母体,进一步强化了结焦作用;此外,由于采用单点注水,注水与柴油换热后温度偏低(180～200℃),导致减压渣油中的沥青质析出挂在管壁上,产生缓慢积焦。提出了清焦后的技改措施:及时投用第二点注水;加强对焦化原料与底循油的分析,原料易结焦时取大循环比操作;平稳操作,减少辐射进料携带入炉管的焦粉量;停炼催化油浆。
CNOOC Huizhou Refinery Branch 420 × 104t / a delayed coking unit adopts “two furnaces and four towers” process technology to design and process vacuum residue. The normal on-line clean-up period is 4 ~ 6 months. In June 2010, the unit was blended with catalytic slurry, causing coking in the convection section and convection inlet of the coking furnace in less than 2 months, resulting in mechanical defocusing of the furnace. By analyzing the sampling of the coke block and comprehensively analyzing it from the technical point of view, the main reason for the coking in the heating furnace is that the catalyst slurry containing 0.5% -1.0% of heavy metals such as iron, nickel, vanadium, calcium and coke Solid particles, easily adsorbed from the coke drum foam coke powder particles and tower bottom oil asphaltene and gel molecules, the formation of more caking mother, further strengthening the coking effect; In addition, the use of a single point of water , Water injection and diesel after the heat transfer temperature is low (180 ~ 200 ℃), resulting in vacuum residue in the asphaltene precipitation hanging in the wall, resulting in slow coke. Put forward the technical measures after decontamination: Timely investment with the second point of water; strengthen the analysis of coking raw materials and the end of follow-up oil, raw materials easy to get big coking cycle operation; smooth operation, reduce the radiation into the tube charge The amount of coke powder; stop refining catalytic slurry.