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呼吸运动是人类维持生命的重要功能,也为言语提供动力,满足言语交际的需求,与此同时,言语也影响着呼吸的形式和特点,因此对言语呼吸进行探索非常具有意义。目前对言语呼吸的研究主要集中在四个方面:(1)对言语呼吸生理特征及生物进化过程的研究。目前,学界主要有两种有关言语呼吸生理活动的理论,Weismer(1985)分别称之为“传统理论”和“现代理论”。传统理论认为主要是胸腔肌群对言语呼吸起作用,而现代理论更强调腹部系统在言语呼吸中的作用。(2)对不同言语任务中呼吸特征的研究,包括平静呼吸、睡眠呼吸、言语呼吸、歌唱呼吸等等。学者们从语句时长停顿、音高基频、言语响度、韵律结构、不同言语任务等方面对言语呼吸的特征做了深入的研究。其中,研究呼吸节律在言语韵律中的表现以及二者之间的关系,对于揭示言语产生、处理过程以及语言生理机能与声学特征间的交互关系具有重要的意义,所以呼吸在不同言语任务中的表现及其与韵律层级、停延、节奏等的关系成为近年来的研究热点。
Breathing exercise is an important function of human life-sustaining. It also provides motivation for speech to meet the needs of speech communication. At the same time, speech also influences the form and characteristics of respiration. Therefore, it is very meaningful to explore speech respiration. At present, the research on speech respiration mainly focuses on four aspects: (1) The research on physiological characteristics of speech respiration and biological evolution. At present, there are mainly two theories about speech respiration physiology in the academic circle. Weismer (1985) call them “traditional theory” and “modern theory” respectively. The traditional theory is that the thoracic muscle group mainly plays a role in speech respiration, whereas the modern theory emphasizes the role of the abdomen system in speech respiration. (2) Study of respiratory characteristics in different speech tasks, including calm breathing, sleep breathing, speech breathing, singing and breathing. Scholars have made a deep research on the characteristics of speech from the aspects of sentence length, fundamental frequency of pitch, speech loudness, prosodic structure and different speech tasks. Among them, studying the performance of breathing rhythm in verbal prosody and the relationship between them is of great significance for revealing the production and processing of speech, as well as the interaction between physiological functions and acoustic features of speech. Therefore, breathing in different speech tasks The performance and its relationship with the rhythm level, delay, rhythm and so on have become the research hot spots in recent years.