近年来,包括我国在内的世界各国医疗保险支出大幅上扬,究其原因,除了外生性的人口老龄化、疾病谱变化、科技进步以及人们健康意识增强等合理因素外,还包括内生性的供需双方道德风险等不合理因素。为享有良好的医疗保障,而又不致使国家财政负担过重,早在1973年,美国国会就通过了 In recent years, the expenditure on medical insurance in various countries in the world, including our country, has risen sharply. In addition to the rational factors such as the exogenous population aging, the change of disease spectrum, the progress of science and technology, and the enhancement of people’s health awareness, other reasons include the endogenous supply and demand Both moral hazard and other unreasonable factors. In order to enjoy good medical security without overburdening the country’s financial resources, as early as 1973, the United States Congress passed