直肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤 ,其发病率呈上升趋势 ,早期诊断、早期治疗是提高患者生存质量和生存率的关键。我科1990年 1月～ 1999年 12月收治直肠癌 5 8例 ,均经手术治疗 ,术后经病理学检查确诊 ,其中有 13例误诊 ,误诊率达 2 2 .4% ,现分析报告误诊原因如下。1　临床资料 Rectal cancer is a common malignancy of the digestive tract, and its incidence is on the rise. Early diagnosis and early treatment are the key to improving the quality of life and survival of patients. In our department, from January 1990 to December 1999, 58 cases of rectal cancer were treated by surgery. After being diagnosed by pathological examination, 13 cases were misdiagnosed. The rate of misdiagnosis was 22.4%. The analysis report was misdiagnosed. The reason is as follows. 1 Clinical data