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科学预设是科学理论建构的主导因素，也是科学合理性的普遍性原则和标准建构的前提或指南。逻辑经验主义和历史主义均持某种预设主义立场，前者是“下向”预设主义，后者则是“上向”预设主义。夏皮尔在批判这两种预设主义中走过了头，结果陷入他原本力图反对的相对主义立场，从而以自然主义为自己的归宿。夏皮尔的自然主义以实践的合理性论证标准的合理性，以及倡导一种“中性”的理由合理性理论，其结果是以实践的合理性消融预设的合理性，以中性的理由“降解”科学理性，从而难以解释标准及原则的合理性。由此可以得出当代科学哲学的两点教训：（1）坚持科学预设的合理性是坚持科学合理性的前提；（2）坚持高层预设的合理性是挽救陷入困境的当代西方科学哲学的关键。
Scientific presupposition is the leading factor in the construction of scientific theory and also the prerequisite or guideline for the universality of scientific rationality and standard construction. Logical empiricism and historicism both hold some kind of preconceived notion that the former is “downward” to the precontinental and the latter is “upward” to the preconciled. Shapir went so far as to criticize the two presuppositions that he fell into the relativist position he originally opposed to oppose, thereby using naturalism as his destination. The naturalism of Shapir demonstrates the rationality of the criterion with the rationality of practice and advocates a theory of rationality of “neutrality”. The result is to absurd the reasonableness of the rationality of practice to prejudice the rationality of neutrality “Degrade” scientific rationality, making it difficult to explain the rationality of standards and principles. From this we can draw two lessons of contemporary philosophy of science: (1) to adhere to the rationality of scientific presupposition is to maintain the scientific rationality of the premise; (2) to adhere to the high-level presupposition rationality is to save the troubled contemporary Western philosophy of science key.