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目的研究外燥对气道促炎细胞因子与抗炎细胞因子的影响及意义。方法 72只昆明种小鼠经数字法随机分为常温常湿组、温燥组、凉燥组,每组24只。采用“温度-相对湿度-风”综合条件刺激后第6天、第12天观察气道组织病理和肺超微结构,检测气管及肺灌洗液中中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)、α1抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IgG与分泌型IgA(SIgA)含量。结果与常温常湿组第6天、第12天比较,温燥组、凉燥组气管上皮鳞状化生与纤毛缺损,肺泡瘀血、水肿伴肺气肿。超微结构观察显示温燥组、凉燥组Ⅱ型肺泡细胞(ATⅡ)线粒体与嗜锇性板层小体数量减少,同期NE升高但α1-AT与IL-10下降(P<0.05)。温燥组IgG与SIgA下降(P<0.01),凉燥组IgG下降但对sIgA影响不显著。结论外燥致气道促炎细胞因子NE升高和抗炎细胞因子IL-10负调节作用失衡削弱气道免疫防御功能,与外燥伤肺病机相关。
Objective To study the effect of external dryness on the airway proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines and its significance. Methods Totally 72 Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal temperature and normal humidity group, warm dry group and cool dry group, 24 in each group. The airway histopathology and lung ultrastructure were observed on the 6th day and the 12th day after stimulating with the condition of “temperature-relative humidity-wind”, and the neutrophil elastase (NE) was detected in trachea and lung lavage fluid , Α1-AT, IL-10, TNF-α, IgG and secreted IgA (SIgA) were measured. Results Compared with the normal temperature and normal humidity group on the 6th day and the 12th day, there were no differences between the trachea epithelial squamous metaplasia and the cilia defect, the alveolar fluid stasis, the edema and the emphysema in the Wenzao group and the Liangzhan group. Ultrastructural observation showed that the number of mitochondria and osmiophilic lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ alveolar cells (ATⅡ) decreased in the Wenzao group and the Liangzhan group, and NE increased at the same time (P <0.05). The serum IgG and SIgA of Wenzhan group decreased (P <0.01), while the IgG of Liangzhan group decreased but had no significant effect on sIgA. Conclusions The imbalanced NE of proinflammatory cytokines in the external airway and the negative regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 attenuate airway immune defenses and are associated with extra-traumatic lung injury.