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本文认为辛亥革命前,章太炎与孙中山的民族主义思想有同有异,互为补充。他们在阐发民族主义理论时,均具政治实用性这一思想特征。但两者最根本的差异,即章太炎观察问题的视线多射向往古历史,故长于纵向考察思维方法;孙中山则对世界各地政治经济现状作全景式鸟瞰,因此擅长横向思维方法。这一差异使之在分析问题时依据不同的参照标准,两者的民族主义思想从而各呈特色。这一差异又与其各自学养,即知识背景之差异密切相关。
This article holds that before the 1911 Revolution, Zhang Taiyan and Sun Yat-sen’s nationalist ideology were different and complement each other. In their elucidation of the theory of nationalism, they are politically practical. However, the most fundamental difference between the two is that the sight of Zhang Taiyan’s observation problem is more than ever projected toward ancient history. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen surveys thinking ways vertically and Sun Yat-sen views panoramic political and economic situations all over the world. This discrepancy makes it possible to analyze the issue on the basis of different reference standards and thus the two nationalist ideas have their own characteristics. This discrepancy is closely related to the difference between their own learning and their knowledge background.