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目的了解我院恶性肿瘤患者院内感染及抗菌药使用情况,以进一步合理使用抗菌药,降低院内感染的发生。方法回顾性分析我院482例住院恶性肿瘤患者院内感染的发生情况,分析发病率、发病部位、病原学检测及抗菌药使用情况。结果住院的482例患者中,发生院内感染99例,感染率为20.5%。院内感染者中上呼吸道感染最多,占26%(26/99);病原学送检率为39%(39/99),培养或(和)涂片病原学阳性率82%,其中G~-细菌占57%,G~+细菌占24%,真菌占19%;抗菌药使用率95%,其中以头孢菌素类使用率最高,占43%。联合放、化疗者院内感染的发生率高于单纯放疗或化疗者(52.9%vs.16.4%、25.1%,均P<0.05)。结论进一步加强院内感染的监测、及时进行病原学检测和药敏试验、合理使用抗菌药等措施有利于恶性肿瘤患者院内感染的防治。
Objective To understand the nosocomial infections and antimicrobial use of patients with malignant tumors in our hospital to further rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Methods The incidence of nosocomial infections in 482 hospitalized patients with malignant tumors in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, location of pathogenesis, etiological detection and use of antibacterials were analyzed. Results Among the 482 hospitalized patients, 99 cases of nosocomial infection occurred and the infection rate was 20.5%. Among the patients with nosocomial infection, the most was upper respiratory tract infection, accounting for 26% (26/99); the rate of etiological examination was 39% (39/99), and the positive rate of culture or (and) smear etiology was 82% Bacteria accounted for 57%, G ~ + bacteria accounted for 24%, fungi accounted for 19%; antimicrobial use rate of 95%, of which the highest use of cephalosporins, accounting for 43%. The incidence of nosocomial infections in combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy was higher than that in radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone (52.9% vs.16.4%, 25.1%, both P <0.05). Conclusion To further strengthen the monitoring of nosocomial infections, timely detection of pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility testing, rational use of antimicrobial agents and other measures is conducive to the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections in patients with malignant tumors.