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稻瘟病是我国稻区的主要病害之一。实践证明,种植抗病良种是保护水稻免于或减轻受害的经济有效措施。近十年来许多产稻国家的水稻育种计划都把抗病、抗虫育种列为重要目标,不遗余力地筛选抗源,培育多抗性的品种,并已取得成效。作物育种的任何突破,几乎都与关键性遗传资源的发现有关,抗病育种也不例外。我国是世界水稻起源中心之一,水稻品种资源十分丰富,其中蕴藏着各种性状的遗传基因,是育种的物质基础,也是生物学研究的重要材料。因此,加强水稻品种资源特征、特性鉴定,其中包括对稻瘟病的抗性鉴定,是品种资源研究的重要组成部份。为了加速筛选抗源和充分利用现有抗病良种,我们在1976—1979年期间进行了水稻品种资源抗稻瘟病鉴定全国联合试验研究。本文是这一工作的总结。
Rice blast is one of the main diseases of rice in China. Practice has proved that the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is to protect rice from or reduce the cost-effective measures. In the past ten years, rice breeding programs in many rice-producing countries have made disease-resistant and insect-resistant breeding an important goal. They spared no efforts in screening anti-source and breeding multi-resistant varieties and had achieved success. Almost all breakthroughs in crop breeding are related to the discovery of key genetic resources, and disease-resistant breeding is no exception. China is one of the world’s rice origin centers. Rice cultivars are very rich in resources and contain genetic traits of various traits. They are the material basis for breeding and an important material for biological research. Therefore, to strengthen the character and characterization of rice germplasm resources, including the identification of resistance to rice blast, is an important part of the research on variety resources. In order to speed up the screening of resistant sources and make full use of the existing resistant varieties, we carried out a national joint test on resistance of rice varieties to rice blast during 1976-1979. This article is a summary of this work.