沂蒙山区是我国北方典型的土石山区,当地土壤由片麻岩、砂岩发育而来,质地疏松易流失,目前缺乏对土壤侵蚀监测的长期观测数据。以山东省沂蒙山区某一小流域为研究对象,利用137Cs示踪技术与杨氏土壤侵蚀等模型,对该流域坡耕地与非耕地的土壤侵蚀速率进行了初步估算,坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率5 961.6 t/km2.a,坡地非耕地侵蚀速率2 530.5 t/km2.a,并探讨了土壤侵蚀对土壤质量的影响。研究结果表明:整个研究流域土壤侵蚀严重,土壤侵蚀量大的区域,土壤有机质、全氮等含量相对较低,而土壤全磷含量变化和缓,总体上土壤质量状况较差。该研究对我国北方土石山区土地资源的合理开发利用和生态环境保护具有积极的意义。 Yimeng Mountain is a typical mountainous area in northern China. The local soil is developed from gneiss and sandstone. Its texture is loose and easily lost. There is currently no long-term observation data on the monitoring of soil erosion. Taking a small watershed in Yimeng Mountain area of ​​Shandong Province as the research object, 137Cs tracing technique and Young’s soil erosion model were used to estimate the soil erosion rates of sloping farmland and noncultivated land. The soil erosion rate of sloping farmland was 5 961.6 t / km2.a, the slope of non-arable land erosion rate of 2 530.5 t / km2.a, and discussed the impact of soil erosion on soil quality. The results showed that the soil erosion was serious in the study area, and the area with large soil erosion, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and other contents were relatively low while the soil total phosphorus content changed moderately and the overall soil quality was poor. This study has positive significance for the rational exploitation and utilization of land resources and ecological environment protection in the mountainous areas of northern China.