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“苑,所以养禽兽也;囿,苑有垣也。”~①周代称为囿,以困养野兽进行射猎为主。我国第一个囿出现于商纣王时,“厚赋敛以实鹿台之钱,而盈巨桥之粟,益收狗马奇物,……益广沙丘苑台,多取野兽飞鸟置其中”~②。商代以后,囿的建造专门化了,除了射猎活动外,并在其中建宫设馆,还增添了帝王寝居及观赏动物、植物、山水等自然景色。到秦汉时,改囿为苑或苑囿。西汉时期的上林苑是对前代园林文化的继承与发展。一、上林苑概况
“Court, so beast beasts; 囿, Court Yuan Yuan also.” ① ① Zhou Dynasty called 囿, predatory animals beast hunting and dominated. When the first emperor of our country appeared in the king of Shang Dynasty, “thick assortment to the cash of the real Lu Tai, and surplus giant bridge millet, benefiting the dog horse odd things, ...... Yi Guang dune Court, take more beasts flying birds Set one ”~ ②. After the Shang Dynasty, the construction of tuna was specialized. In addition to the hunting activities, the museum was also set up in the palace. It also added imperial dwelling and ornamental animals, plants and landscapes. To the Qin and Han dynasties, change 囿 to Court or Court 囿. The Shanglin Garden in the Western Han Dynasty inherited and developed the previous garden culture. A, Shanglin Court Overview