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本文以宣统年间的出关苦工为研究对象,通过比较苦工流出地与流入地的工资差异,从经济角度解释了苦工的地区流向和职业取向。此外,通过分析中俄两国政府对待苦工的态度,阐释了苦工们在谋取到一定经济收益的同时,不仅引起了俄罗斯人反感,受到驱逐,而且被东北地方官和舆论视为流民,不愿招垦入籍。从东北移民整体历史来看,宣统年间出关苦工处于中俄两国政府态度转折前夜,经济上有利可图。
This article takes exit customs and hard labor as the research object in the period of XuanTong. By comparing the wage differences between outflow and inland labor migration, this paper explains the regional flow and occupation orientation from the economic point of view. In addition, by analyzing the attitude of the Chinese and Russian governments towards the hard labor, it shows that the hard workers, while obtaining certain economic benefits, have not only aroused the disgruntled Russians and expelled them, but also reluctantly viewed them as migrants by the local officials in northeast China and the media Recruit naturalized. Judging from the overall history of immigration in northeast China, the exit-exit hard labor during the reign of Xuan Tong was on the eve of a turning point in the attitude of the two governments and was economically profitable.