Polypyrrole (PPy) is a biocompatible polymer with good conductivity. Studies combining PPy with electrospinning have been reported;however, the associated decrease in PPy conductivity has not yet been resolved. We embedded PPy into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoifbers via electrospinning and fabricated a PLA/PPy nanoifbrous scaffold containing 15% PPy with sustained conductivity and aligned topog-raphy. hTere was good biocompatibility between the scaffold and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as well as Schwann cells. Additionally, the direction of cell elongation on the scaffold was parallel to the direction of ifbers. Our ifndings suggest that the aligned PLA/PPy nanoifbrous scaffold is a promising biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration.