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市场有两大作用。一是交换,它是交换的场所,使产品实现其价值;二是导向,即市场引导企业,引导生产发展。在社会主义市场经济条件下,企业作为商品生产经营者,其产品不能在市场上为用户所接受,企业就无法生存和发展。所以近期改革中提出要转换企业经营机制,把企业推向市场,使其在市场的竞争浪潮中学会游泳,从而逐步从被推向市场过渡到自觉地走向市场。这有一个过程,包括观念的转变、政府职能和行为的转变、大锅饭体制的改革、企业经营机制的转换、市场的完善等一系列问题。本文对此进行探讨。
The market has two major roles. The first is exchange, which is the place for exchange to enable the product to realize its value; the second is guidance, that is, the market guides enterprises and guides the development of production. Under the conditions of a socialist market economy, as a commodity producer and operator, its products cannot be accepted by users in the market, and enterprises cannot survive and develop. Therefore, in the recent reforms, it is proposed to change the operating mechanism of enterprises and push them into the market so that they can learn to swim in the tide of competition in the market, and thus gradually transition from being pushed into the market to consciously moving toward the market. This process includes a series of issues such as the change of concepts, the transformation of government functions and behaviors, the reform of the pan-rice system, the transformation of business management mechanisms, and the improvement of the market. This article discusses this.