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利用我国3个重点国有林区24个林业局1 454户职工家庭微观调查数据,通过极大似然估计法和最小二乘法估计国有林区各项改革对职工家庭间收入不平等的影响。研究发现,国有林区职工家庭间不平等程度不断加剧,而在国有林区推行的各项改革对不平等的加剧有显著影响。其中,市场化手段组织林业生产这项改革实施时间每增加1年,林业局职工家庭间收入差距就增加8元;参与森林资源承包管护改革户数的比例每增加1个百分点,林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加13元;加工企业转制比例每增加1个百分点,林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加2元;一次性安置富余职工也显著提高了林业局职工家庭间收入差距,但养老负担显著降低了职工家庭间收入差距。因此,在推行以改进效率为目标取向的市场化改革过程中,政府需要出台相应的配套政策,尤其是要扶持和帮助林区贫困弱势群体,以避免不平等程度加剧。
Based on the micro-survey data of 1 454 households of 24 forestry bureaus in 3 key state-owned forest regions in China, the effects of various reforms in state-owned forest areas on the income inequality among staff and workers are estimated by using maximum likelihood estimation and least-squares method. The study found that the degree of inequality among family members and workers in state-owned forest areas has been continuously aggravated, while the reforms implemented in state-owned forest areas have had a significant impact on the increase in inequality. Among them, the market-oriented means of organizing the reform of forestry production for each additional year, the income gap between family members of the Forestry Bureau increased 8 yuan; participation in forest resources management and reform of the number of households each increase of 1 percentage point, the Bureau staff The income gap between family households increased by 13 yuan. For each 1% increase in the conversion ratio of processing enterprises, the income gap between family members and staff in the Forestry Bureau increased by 2 yuan. The one-time placement of surplus workers also significantly raised the income gap between family members and staff of the Forestry Bureau, Reduce the income gap between family workers. Therefore, during the marketization reform aimed at improving efficiency, the government needs to introduce corresponding supporting policies. In particular, it is necessary to support and help the poor and vulnerable groups in the forest areas so as to avoid the increase of inequality.