微流星和空间碎片是现在任何使命航天器的公认威胁．微流星和空间碎片的超高速撞击能导致航天器严重的损伤和灾难性的失效．因此，提高航天器的生存性是非常必要的．防护方案的确定是航天器设计的一个重要问题．防护方案的结构形式主要有局部防护、Whipple防护及其改型、各种多层防护屏防护方案。在综述国际上已采用和研究的航天器防护微流星和空间碎片防护方案的基础上，给出了不同防护材料和结构形式防护方案在超高速撞击下的行为特征，提出了航天器防护方案的有效材料和结构形式 Micrometeor and space debris are the accepted threats to any mission spacecraft today. Hyper-speed impacts of meteors and space debris can lead to serious damage to the spacecraft and catastrophic failure. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve the survivability of the spacecraft. Determine the protection program is an important issue of spacecraft design. Structural protection programs are mainly local protection, Whipple protection and its modification, a variety of multi-layer protective screen protection program. Based on the review of the spacecraft protection meteoroid and space debris protection schemes adopted and researched in the world, the behavior characteristics of different protection material and structure protection schemes under hypervelocity impact are given. The spacecraft protection scheme is proposed Effective material and structure