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补子,系补缀于品官常服前胸后背之上的一块织物,为明代品官服饰制度的一个重要特征。据《旧唐书·舆服志》记载,早在唐代,武则天就曾把饰有动物纹样的绣袍赐给文武官员,以此作为官员们品级官位的区别。元代,在《老乞大》(专供朝鲜人学习汉语的课本)中提到了一种“胸背”名称,是一种方形带有图案的织物,装饰于衣服上。1992年在锡盟正蓝旗羊群庙元代祭祀遗址出土的汉白玉石雕人像的胸前和后背,就有团花的补子。在元刻《事林广记》续六卷插图中玩“双陆”的两个露顶垂发辫的人,其中一人便着方补服(图1)。真正代表官位的补服定型于明代。据《明史·舆服志》记载,洪武二十六年(1393年)规定,
Complement, Department of Patch clothes in the official uniform before the chest on the back of a piece of fabric, clothing for the Ming dynasty official dress an important feature of the system. According to the “old Tang Shu Yu public service records,” as early as the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian had embroidered gowns decorated with animal patterns given to civil and military officials, as the difference between official rank officials. In the Yuan Dynasty, the name “Chest Back” was mentioned in “Old Beggar,” a textbook for Koreans studying Chinese. It is a square patterned fabric adorned with clothes. In 1992 in the Ximeng Zhenglan blue sheep herding temple sacrificial sites unearthed in the white marble stone portrait of the chest and back, there are flowers complement. One of the two top-hanging braids who played “Bikooka” in Yuan Juan’s “Shou Guang Ji” continued six-volume illustration, served one by one (Figure 1). Remedies really represent the official shape in the Ming Dynasty. According to “records of Ming Shi Yu Yu” records, Hongwu twenty-six years (1393) provides that,