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采用umu遗传毒性测试方法考察了消毒剂投加量、反应时间和消毒剂氯氮比对某饮用水厂臭氧-生物活性炭出水加氯或氯胺消毒前后遗传毒性的影响.结果表明,炭后水具有一定的遗传毒性(20～70 ng/L),加氯或氯胺消毒后遗传毒性增加.反应时间为24 h,在相同投加量下氯消毒遗传毒性(40～95 ng/L)高于氯胺消毒遗传毒性(20～40 ng/L);当氯初始投加量从0 mg/L增加到10 mg/L时,炭后水的遗传毒性先迅速增加,在0.5～1 mg左右达到极大值,然后再降低,在3～5 mg左右达到极小值后缓慢上升,但是氯胺消毒后水样遗传毒性变化规律不如氯消毒的明显.当投加量为3 mg/L时,随着反应时间从0 h延长至72 h,无论是氯消毒还是氯胺消毒,炭后水遗传毒性均是先迅速增加,在2 h时达到极大值后再下降,在18 h左右达到极小值然后缓慢上升,而且任意反应时间内,氯胺消毒的遗传毒性(20～62 ng/L)均小于氯消毒(83～120 ng/L).本试验还研究了消毒剂氯氮比对炭后水氯消毒后遗传毒性的影响.在本试验条件下,从遗传毒性的角度看,对于饮用水消毒氯胺比氯更安全,而且2种消毒方式的遗传毒性的变化规律均不同于总HAAs的变化规律.
The effects of dosage of disinfectant, reaction time and chlorin-nitrogen ratio of disinfectant on genotoxicity before and after chlorination or chloramines disinfection of ozone-biological activated carbon in a drinking water factory were investigated by umu genetic toxicity test. The results showed that after carbon-water (20 ~ 70 ng / L), genotoxicity increased with chlorination or chloramine disinfection, the reaction time was 24 h, and the genotoxicity of chlorine disinfection (40-95 ng / L) was high at the same dosage When the initial dosage of chlorine increased from 0 mg / L to 10 mg / L, the genotoxicity of the water after the charcoal first increased rapidly and reached about 0.5 ~ 1 mg Reached the maximum, and then decreased, reaching a minimum value of about 3 ~ 5 mg and then slowly increased, but the change of genotoxicity of water samples after chloramine disinfection was not as obvious as that of chlorine disinfection.When the dosage was 3 mg / L , With the extension of the reaction time from 0 h to 72 h, whether it is chlorination or chloramine disinfection, the genotoxicity of water after charcoal first rapidly increases and reaches the maximum at 2 h and then drops down and reaches around 18 h The minima then increased slowly, and the genotoxicity of chloramines (20-62 ng / L) was less than that of chloral disinfectants during any reaction time 3 ~ 120 ng / L) .This experiment also studied the effect of disinfectant chlorine to nitrogen ratio on post-carbon disinfection of genotoxicity.Under the experimental conditions, from the perspective of genotoxicity, Chlorine is safer, and the variation of genotoxicity of two kinds of disinfection methods are different from that of total HAAs.