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Background Our previous study had cloned two glioma cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2 isolated from parental glioma cell line SWO38.The 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) resistance of SWOZ1 was higher than that of SWOZ2.Since O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was thought to be closely related to BCNU resistance in glioma,this study aimed to explore the function of MGMT in glioma resistant to BCNU.Methods A BCNU resistant glioma cell line SWOZ2-BCNU was established.The expression of MGMT was detected in SWOZ1,SWOZ2 and SWOZ2-BCNU.Small interferencing RNA targeting MGMT was used to silence the expression of MGMT in resistant cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU.The cytotoxicity of BCNU to these cells was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance in statistical package SPSS 13.0.Results The resistance of SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU against BCNU was 4.9-fold and 5.3-fold higher than that of SWOZ2.The results of quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that MGMT was both significantly increased in SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU compared to SOWZ2.After transfection with small interferencing RNA targeting MGMT,a decreased level of MGMT mRNA expression in SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU for more than 75% compared to negative control was found and confirmed by Western blotting.As a result,the resistance against BCNU was reversed for about 50% both in the BCNU-resistant cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU.Conclusions Silencing MGMT with specific small interferencing RNA can reverse the BCNU resistant phenotype in these glioma cell lines.MGMT may play an important role both in intrinsic and acquired BCNU-resistance in glioma.