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60年来,中国政治经济社会经历了诸多变迁与曲折,但是工业化、现代化的目标始终不渝;各级规划、计划存在着分歧,但是追求工业化、现代化的方向是一致的。中国走了一条有特色的工业化道路,从一个积贫积弱的落后的农业国变成了初步工业化、现代化国家。20世纪50—80年代的工业化建设有从以下特点:一是通过社会主义制度集中财力、物力、人力,优先发展重工业。二是以政治激励为主,建设规模和速度与国力平衡困难,变动曲折、波动大。三是企业生机与活力不足的问题愈益凸现。20世纪90年代以来,中国进入工业化中级阶段。近30年改革开放中的工业化。工业领域的改革主要在企业、政府、行业三个层面上进行。同时实现了开放型经济的战略转变。60年工业化现代化建树为:建立了独立的门类齐全的工业体系;保持了较高的增长速度;工业技术水平明显提高;推动了城市化和人民生活的改善;国际地位上升。
In the past 60 years, China’s political, economic and social experiences have undergone many changes and twists and turns. However, the goal of industrialization and modernization has always been unswerving. Disagreements exist between planning and planning at all levels, but the direction of pursuing industrialization and modernization is consistent. China has taken a distinctive road to industrialization from an impoverished backward agricultural country into an initially industrialized and modernized country. The industrialization in the 1950s and 1980s has the following characteristics: First, to concentrate the financial, material and human resources through the socialist system and give priority to the development of heavy industry. Second, the main political incentive, the scale and speed of construction and the balance of national difficulties, twists and turns, fluctuations. Third, the problem of lack of vigor and vitality of enterprises has become increasingly prominent. Since the 1990s, China has entered the middle stage of industrialization. Industrialization in the Reform and Opening Up in the Past 30 Years. The reform in the industrial field is mainly conducted at the three levels of enterprises, governments and industries. At the same time, it has realized the strategic transformation of an open economy. Sixty years of industrial modernization have been set up as follows: an independent and comprehensive industrial system has been established; a relatively high rate of growth has been maintained; the level of industrial technology has been markedly improved; the urbanization and the improvement of people’s living standards have been promoted; and the international status has risen.