AIM:To determine the expression levels of gastrointestinal nesfatin-1 in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus(VMH)-lesioned(obese)and ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus(VLH)-lesioned(lean)rats that exhibit an imbalance in their energy metabolism and gastric mobility.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a VMH-lesioned group,a VLH-lesioned group,and their respective sham-operated groups.The animals had free access to food and water,and their diets andweights were monitored after surgery.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were used to analyse the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 immunoreactive(IR)cells in the stomach,duodenum,small intestine,and colon,respectively.Gastric emptying was also assessed using a modified phenol red-methylcellulose recovery method.RESULTS:The VMH-lesioned rats fed normal chow exhibited markedly greater food intake and body weight gain,whereas the VLH-lesioned rats exhibited markedly lower food intake and body weight gain.NUCB2/nesfatin-1 IR cells were localised in the lower third and middle portion of the gastric mucosal gland and in the submucous layer of the enteric tract.Compared with their respective controls,gastric emptying was enhanced in the VMH-lesioned rats(85.94%±2.27%),whereas the VLH lesions exhibited inhibitory effects on gastric emptying(29.12%±1.62%).In the VMHlesioned rats,the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1protein were significantly increased in the stomach and duodenum and reduced in the small intestine.In addition,the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein in the VLH-lesioned rats were decreased in the stomach,duodenum,and small intestine.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that nesfatin-1 level in the stomach and duodenum is positively correlated with body mass.Additionally,there is a positive relationship between gastric emptying and body mass.The results of this study indicate that gastrointestinal nesfatin-1 may play a significant role in gastric mobility and energy homeostasis. AIM: To determine the expression levels of gastrointestinal nesfatin-1 in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) -lesioned (obese) and ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus (VLH) -lesioned (lean) rats that exhibit an imbalance in their energy metabolism and gastric mobility. METHODS : Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a VMH-lesioned group, a VLH-lesioned group, and their respective sham-operated groups. The animals had free access to food and water, and their diets andights were monitored after surgery. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were used to analyze the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 immunoreactive (IR) cells in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and colon, respectively. Gastric emptying was also assessed using a modified phenol red-methylcellulose recovery method.RESULTS: The VMH-lesioned rats fed normal chow oligo marked markedly greater food intake and body weight gain, while the VLH-lesioned rats extracted markedly lower food intake and body weight gain.NUCB2 / nesfatin-1 IR cells were localized in the lower third and middle portion of the gastric mucosal gland and in the submucous layer of the enteric tract. Compared with their respective controls, gastric emptying was enhanced in the VMH-lesioned rats ( 85.94% ± 2.27%), while the VMHlesioned rats, the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein were significantly increased in the stomach and duodenum and reduced in the small intestine. In addition, the levels of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein in the VLH-lesioned rats were decreased in the stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that nesfatin-1 level in the stomach and duodenum is positively correlated with body mass. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between gastric emptying and body mass. The results of this study indicate that gastrointestinal nesfatin-1 may play a significant role in gastric mobility and ener gyhomeostasis.