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通过对范文澜这位1949年后中国重要史家作品的研读,文章考察了二十世纪三四十年代国共(以及共产党内部)政治和文化斗争背景中马克思主义史学的“革命叙事”的产生。作者认为,范文澜对于中国近代史的新的解释,主要是作为共产主义者抗拒国民党史学中的“现代化叙事”的产物。同时,它也是中国共产党人挑战“正统”马克思主义者的中国近代史解读的产物;后者在苏联以及二三十年代的中国马克思主义者之间广为流传。然而,作为文献学专家的学养背景、马克思主义修养方面的欠缺、以及民族主义的抱负,大大削弱了范文澜从马克思主义的视角对于历史的分析。
Through the study of Fan Wenlan, an important historian in China after 1949, this article examines the emergence of “revolutionary narrative” of Marxist historiography in the context of the political and cultural struggles of the Kuomintang (and within the Communist Party) in the 1930s and 1940s . The author believes that Fan Wenlan’s new explanation of modern Chinese history is mainly a product of the communists’ resistance to the “modern narrative” in the history of the Kuomintang. At the same time, it is also a product of the Chinese communists’ challenge to the “orthodox” Marxist interpretation of the Chinese modern history. The latter is widely circulated among the Soviet Union and Chinese Marxists in the 1920s and 1930s. However, as an academic background of bibliography, the lack of cultivation of Marxism and the nationalistic ambition have greatly weakened Fan Wenlan’s historical analysis from the perspective of Marxism.