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[目的]了解某机车制造企业工人非致死性工伤所致直接成本的主要影响因素,为降低直接成本的干预措施提供可能依据。[方法]以某大型机车制造企业2004年6月1日—2008年5月31日间发生工伤的工人为对象进行回顾性调查。工伤工人的职业卫生信息来自于企业的工伤报告;社会人口学、社会经济学资料通过问卷调查获得;受伤者医疗服务信息来自于该企业附属医疗机构的档案及医疗保障部门。用单因素分析及多元线性回归模型分析直接成本可能的影响因素。[结果]纳入分析的201例工伤工人共造成直接成本408.13万元人民币。其中门诊费用4.11万元人民币,住院费用365.50万元人民币,间接医疗费用为38.52万元人民币。单因素分析表明,伤害程度、伤害性质及受伤部位影响直接成本的大小。多因素分析结果显示,伤害性质是门诊费用的影响因素;住院天数、伤害程度、婚姻状态、伤害性质及受伤部位是住院费用的直接或间接影响因素。[结论]工人非致死性工伤的直接成本受多方面因素影响,建议建立跨部门的干预措施,以合理降低工人工伤引起的直接成本。
[Objective] To understand the main factors affecting the direct cost of non-fatal injury caused by locomotive manufacturing workers and provide a possible basis for the intervention to reduce the direct cost. [Method] A retrospective investigation was made on workers who suffered a work-related injury in a large locomotive manufacturing enterprise from June 1, 2004 to May 31, 2008. The occupational health information of the injured workers comes from the occupational injury report of the enterprise; the data of socio-demographic and socio-economic information are obtained through the questionnaire survey; the medical service information of the injured persons comes from the archives and medical insurance departments of the affiliated medical institutions of the enterprise. Univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression model were used to analyze the possible influencing factors of direct costs. [Results] The 201 workers who were involved in the analysis caused a total direct cost of 4.0813 million yuan. Outpatient expenses 41,100 yuan, hospitalization costs 36,550 yuan, indirect medical costs 385,200 yuan. Univariate analysis showed that the degree of injury, the nature of the injury and the location of the affected area affected the direct cost size. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the nature of injury was the influencing factor of outpatient expenses. The length of hospital stay, degree of injury, marital status, nature of injury and the injured site were the direct and indirect influencing factors of hospitalization expenses. [Conclusion] The direct costs of workers ’non-fatal injuries are affected by many factors. It is suggested to set up inter-departmental interventions to reasonably reduce the direct costs caused by workers’ injuries.