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目的分析不同类型伤害对北京市中小学生健康的影响,为制定学生伤害预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用横断面回顾性调查的方法,于2012年9月在北京市16个区县抽取104所中小学校16 680名在校中小学生开展问卷调查,了解2011—2012学年度中小学生各类型伤害发生率及其特点。结果北京市中小学生各伤害类型中,发生率最高的是跌伤(7.36%),致残率最高的是窒息(4.00%),就诊率最高的是电击伤(100.00%),住院治疗率最高的是中毒(26.92%),次均休息天数和缺课天数均最高的是机械伤(7.95 d/人次,3.15 d/人次)。结论跌伤应作为学生伤害预防的优先领域,多部门联动的伤害防控机制以及健康教育、环境设施安全排查等伤害防控措施应进一步完善。
Objective To analyze the impact of different types of injuries on the health of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for students’ injuries. Methods By cross-sectional retrospective survey, 16 680 primary and secondary school students from 104 primary and secondary schools in 16 districts and counties of Beijing were surveyed in September 2012 to find out the types of injuries among primary and secondary school students in 2011-2012 school year Rate and its characteristics. Results The highest morbidity rate among primary and secondary school students in Beijing was fall injury (7.36%), asphyxia (4.00%), highest electrosurgery (100.00%), and the highest hospitalization rate Was poisoned (26.92%). The highest number of days of rest and missed classes was mechanical injury (7.95 d / person, 3.15 d / person). Conclusions The fall should be taken as a priority area for student injury prevention. The prevention and control mechanisms of injuries linked by multiple departments as well as injury prevention and control measures such as health education and safety investigation of environmental facilities should be further perfected.