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发达国家经验表明,交通需求管理作为一种新型交通管理理念,是解决城市交通拥挤的一种重要方法。自20世纪90年代我国引入交通需求管理理念以来,无论是理论研究还是实证应用均取得了较大成就。本文系统梳理了我国交通需求管理的理论与实证研究的过程、思路与成果,以期为未来理论研究及政策制定指明方向。首先,从内涵、理论基础、层次、实施与评价等方面,总结我国学者对交通需求管理的理论研究成果;然后,以广州以及上海世博会为例,从实证角度评述我国的城市交通需求管理;在此基础上,剖析现有研究的不足,并指出交通需求管理立法、城市规划中交通需求管理思想的体现、交通需求管理效果评价以及汽车产业的合理发展将是未来的重点研究方向。
The experience of developed countries shows that TDM as a new concept of traffic management is an important method to solve the urban traffic congestion. Since the concept of traffic demand management was introduced into China in the 1990s, great achievements have been made both in theoretical research and in empirical application. This paper systematically reviews the process, ideas and achievements of theoretical and empirical research on traffic demand management in our country with a view to pointing out the future theoretical research and policy making. First of all, summarizes the theoretical research results of our country’s scholars on traffic demand management from the aspects of connotation, theoretical basis, level, implementation and evaluation. Secondly, taking Guangzhou and Shanghai World Expo as examples, this paper reviews China’s urban traffic demand management from an empirical perspective. Based on this analysis, the author points out the shortcomings of existing research and points out that the legislation of traffic demand management, the reflection of traffic demand management thought in urban planning, the evaluation of traffic demand management effect and the rational development of automobile industry will be the key research directions in the future.