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陕北高原商代文化遗存,最初是以青铜器的发现而引起学界关注,后因清涧县李家崖遗址的发掘,被认为属于李家崖文化,并与文献和甲骨文记载的鬼方有关。多年的考古资料揭示,陕北地区商代的考古学文化还要复杂一些,除了李家崖文化以外,以蛇纹鬲为代表的“朱开沟”类文化也曾活跃于此。其形成和出现的时间,虽可能略早于李家崖,但也曾有过并行发展阶段。对于两者的关系,过去曾有发展演变的看法。本文通过对李家崖报告和近10余年佳县石摞摞山、安塞西坬渠以及清涧辛庄等遗址的发现资料分析研究,初步认为两者可能并非先后相继的关系,而是并存于陕北高原和相邻地区的两支商代考古学文化,有着不同的来源和发展去向。故在不同时期以不同的形式,对关中及相邻的考古学文化,产生过不同程度的影响。至于两者所出现的一些相似的文化因素,当属分别继承了当地更早文化的部分传统,及相邻文化间相互影响的结果。
The cultural relics of the Shang dynasty in the Shang dynasty were originally caused by the discovery of the bronze ware. After excavation of the Li dya ya site in qingjian county, they were considered to belong to the Li dya ya culture and were related to the ghost parties recorded in the literature and Oracle. Years of archeological data reveal that the Shang dynasty archeology culture in northern Shaanxi is still more complicated. In addition to the culture of Li Jiaya, the “Zhu ditch” culture represented by snakes is also active here. Its formation and appearance of time, although it may be slightly earlier than Li Jiaya, but there have been stages of parallel development. In the past, there has been an evolution of the relationship between the two. Based on the analysis of the discovery data of the report of Lijiaya and the sites of the Shijiligeishan, Anseixikanqu, and Qingjianxinzhuang in Jiaxian in the recent 10 years, it is preliminarily believed that the two may not be one after the other, Two archeological cultures in the North Plateau and adjacent areas have different origins and development directions. Therefore, in different periods in different forms, the Guanzhong and adjacent archaeological culture, have had different degrees of influence. As for the similar cultural factors appearing in the two, it is the result of inheriting part of the tradition of earlier local cultures and the inter-cultural effects of neighboring cultures respectively.