黄斑下出血是一种极大影响患者视力预后的眼底病变，目前尚无标准化治疗方案。组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)在其治疗中起到重要的作用。本文旨在阐述黄斑下出血的病理生理机制、目前手术治疗手段。tPA在黄斑下出血治疗中的应用，并阐述其有效性及安全性；对比新旧两种药物及介绍新手术方式，以期对黄斑下出血的治疗提供一定的参考。“,”Submacular hemorrhage is a kind of fundus disease that greatly affects the visual prognosis of patients. At present, there is no standardized treatment scheme. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role in the treatment. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism and the current surgical treatment methods and the application of tPA in the treatment of submacular hemorrhage. The efficacy of the old and new drugs is compared, and the new surgical methods are introduced, in order to provide some reference for the treatment of submacular hemorrhage.