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目的了解乐山市麻疹发病的年龄分布特征,探讨麻疹强化免疫对该市麻疹发病控制效果。方法对1996-2008年乐山市麻疹年龄别发病率进行分析。结果乐山市麻疹流行呈周期性特征,0~4、5~9、10~14岁组麻疹发病的周期性明显,与全市麻疹总体发病周期性特征一致,3~5年出现1个流行周期。实施强化免疫后,2008年麻疹总发病率,0~4、5~9、10~14和15~19岁组发病率明显下降,分别与1996-2007年发病率比较差异有统计学意义。0~4、5~9岁组病例构成分别由20世纪90年代末期的40%下降到2005年后的30%,20~24岁组发病构成由20世纪90年代的不到10%上升到2005年的28%,实施强化免疫后达到34.55%。结论1996-2008年乐山市麻疹低年龄段易感人群麻疹发病呈周期性流行特,强化免疫可快速降低低年龄段人群麻疹发病率。
Objective To understand the age distribution of measles in Leshan City and to explore the effect of measles immunity control on the incidence of measles in this city. Methods The age-specific incidence of measles in Leshan from 1996 to 2008 was analyzed. Results The incidence of measles epidemic in Leshan was cyclical. The incidence of measles in 0 ~ 4,5 ~ 9,10 ~ 14 years group was obviously periodic. It was consistent with the overall incidence periodicity of measles in the city. There was 1 epidemic cycle in 3 ~ 5 years. The total incidence of measles in 2008, 0 ~ 4,5 ~ 9, 10 ~ 14 and 15 ~ 19 years old group significantly decreased the incidence of post-mortem immunization, respectively, with the incidence of 1996-2007, the difference was statistically significant. The percentages of patients in the 0-4,5-9 age group decreased from 40% in the late 1990s to 30% in 2005, respectively, and the incidence of the 20-24 age group rose from less than 10% in the 1990s to 2005 28% of the year, after the implementation of the enhanced immunity to 34.55%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in the low-age measles population of Leshan City from 1996 to 2008 showed a cyclical epidemic. Intensive immunization could rapidly reduce the incidence of measles in the low-age population.