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近些年来,水稻免耕抛秧栽培在中国广西等部分地区发展迅速。为了探讨免耕抛栽水稻产量形成特点,以金优253(OryzasativaL.)为试验材料,以常耕抛栽水稻为对照,从叶面积大小、剑叶光合速率与衰老、库的大小及源库比率等方面研究了免耕抛栽水稻的源库特性。结果表明,免耕抛栽水稻早、晚季产量分别为5.97t/hm2和7.53t/hm2,常耕抛栽水稻分别为6.19t/hm2和7.63t/hm2,其产量差异在早季和晚季均不显著。与常耕抛栽水稻相比,免耕抛栽水稻的每穗总粒数和单位面积上的总粒数较多,各生育期的叶面积指数较大,灌浆期剑叶光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量较高,而过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛的含量较低,在生理上存在一定的优势。但是,免耕抛栽水稻的源库协调能力较差,粒叶比和结实率下降,致使免耕抛栽水稻在产量上表现出一定的劣势。免耕抛栽水稻粒叶比和结实率的下降是由于其生产的干物质更多地分配在叶片中、贮藏在茎鞘中的干物质在抽穗后向穗部运转的能力较差造成的。
In recent years, no-tillage and throwing rice cultivation in China and Guangxi and other parts of the rapid development. In order to investigate the yield formation characteristics of no-tillage and cast-off rice, taking the Oryza sativa L. as test material and the castrated rice as control, the effects of leaf area, leaf photosynthetic rate and senescence, Ratio and other aspects of no-tillage throwing planted rice source library characteristics. The results showed that the early and late seasons of no-tillage and throwing rice were 5.97t / hm2 and 7.53t / hm2, respectively. The output of the conventional tillage and paddy-planting rice was 6.19t / hm2 and 7.63t / hm2, respectively. Seasons are not significant. Compared with the monoculture rice, the total grain number per panicle and the total number of grains per unit area of the no-tillage and throwing rice were larger, and the leaf area index was larger in each growth period. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate , Stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content higher, and peroxidase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde content lower, there are some physiological advantages. However, the no-tillage and throw-away rice has poor source-sink coordination capacity and decreased grain-leaf ratio and seed setting rate, resulting in some disadvantages in the yield of no-tillage and throwing rice. The drop in grain-leaf ratio and seed setting rate for no-till-thrown rice is due to the fact that the dry matter it produces is more distributed in the leaves and the dry matter stored in the stem-sheath is less able to run on the ears after heading.