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目的:研究木霉菌对山豆根根腐病菌茄腐镰孢S9(Fusarium solani)的拮抗作用,探讨生物防治菌在防治中药材土传病害上的应用前景。方法:采用生长速度法、对峙培养法研究哈茨木霉H2(Trichoderma harsianum)、绿色木霉M6(Trichoderma viride)和康宁木霉K1(Trichoderma koningii)对山豆根根腐病菌S9的拮抗作用,并讨论了其作用机理。结果:发现H2、M6竞争优势显著,生长速度分别是S9的1.43~2.72倍和1.43~1.95倍;K1的空间竞争优势较弱,生长速度不如S9。3种木霉菌对S9均有不同程度的拮抗作用,其中,M6和H2对S9的拮抗作用较强,即使在提前3 d接入病原菌的情况下,M6和H2对S9的抑制率仍能分别达100%和82.35%,拮抗系数均达Ⅰ级;K1对S9的抑制率为46.36%,拮抗系数为Ⅳ级。在显微镜下观察到木霉菌通过缠绕、寄生等方式使S9发生菌丝断裂、缢缩、消解等现象。结论:哈茨木霉和绿色木霉作为生防菌在防治中药材土传病害上具有深入开发的前景。
Objective: To study the antagonism of Trichoderma spp. To Fusarium solani (S9) and to explore the potential application of biological control bacteria in the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases of Chinese herbal medicines. Methods: The antagonistic effects of Trichoderma harsianum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma koningii against root rot of Soybean Rhizoctonia solani S9 were studied by growth rate and confrontation culture. Discusses its mechanism of action. Results: The competitive advantages of H2 and M6 were obvious, and the growth rates were 1.43 ~ 2.72 times and 1.43 ~ 1.95 times higher than that of S9, respectively. K1 had less space competitive advantage and slower growth rate than S9.3 Trichoderma Antagonistic effect of M6 and H2 on S9 was stronger than that of S9 at M6 and H2, respectively. Even when the pathogen was inserted 3 days earlier, the inhibitory rates of M6 and H2 to S9 were still 100% and 82.35% Ⅰ grade; K1 S9 inhibition rate of 46.36%, antagonistic factor for grade Ⅳ. Trichoderma under the microscope through the winding, parasitic and other means to S9 mycelium rupture, shrinkage, digestion and so on. Conclusion: Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride have the potential for further development in the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases of Chinese herbal medicines.