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《宪法学说》是施米特最为重要的公法哲学著作之一,其理路在于,紧急状态下的专政体现了国家的本质特征,而实定的宪法则是政治统一体的总体决断;由宪法律确立的议会民主不能超越政治决断本身,遇有这种危险发生,应当通过宪法律中的专政条款加以制止。相反,另一种公法哲学即自由主义进路则否定国家的自在性,认为国家的正当性只能从个人权利中推演出来,国家不能超越授权侵犯国民。尽管这两种公法哲学都有逻辑上的缺陷,但在不同国家、不同历史环境下实施的效果却不相同。选择适合本国土壤的公法模式并在实施过程中尽力弥补它的缺陷,才是公法哲学发展的正当路径。
Constitutional doctrine is one of Schmitt’s most important philosophical works of public law. The rationale lies in that the dictatorship in emergencies embodies the essential characteristics of the state, while the decisive constitution is the overall decision of the political unity. The constitutional law The establishment of parliamentary democracy can not go beyond the political decision itself, and in the event of such a danger, it should be stopped by the dictatorship clause of constitutional law. On the contrary, another kind of public law philosophy, liberalism, denies the freedom of the state, believing that the legitimacy of the state can only be deduced from individual rights and that the state can not go beyond the authorization to encroach upon the nationals. Although both of these public law jurisprudences have logical flaws, their effectiveness is different in different countries and in different historical environments. It is the proper path for the development of philosophy of public law to choose the public law mode that suits the native soil and make every effort to make up for its defects in the process of implementation.