拦河壩的壩型从大的方面说不外混凝土壩、堆筑壩(包括堆石壩土壩等)和混合壩等几种类型。修建这些壩的物质中除了水泥、钢筋外,主要的就是天然建筑材料——块石、砾石、砂子和土壤,因此天然建筑材料在颇大的程度上直接影响着建筑物类型的选择和建筑物的造价,而天然建筑材料的勘察和研究就被认为是水利工程地质勘测工作的重要组成部分之一。这项工作曾经总结了若干次的经验和教训,编制了这方面的规程,但由于这些规程仍难完满无缺地满足工作进行中的具体要求,致使在勘探方法、取样要求、试验项目、图件编制 Dam barrage type from a large aspect, but nothing more than concrete dam, heap dam (including rockfill dam earth dam, etc.) and mixed dam several types. In addition to cement and steel bars, most of the materials used to construct these dams are natural building materials - boulders, gravel, sand and soil, so natural building materials have a direct impact on the type of buildings and buildings to a large extent Of the cost, and the investigation and research of natural building materials is considered as one of the important components of geological survey of water conservancy project. This work has been summed up a number of experiences and lessons learned, the preparation of the rules in this area, but these rules is still difficult to fully meet the specific requirements of the work in progress, resulting in exploration methods, sampling requirements, pilot projects, maps prepared by