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契约的相对性原则是古典契约法体系构建的第一块基石,其基本含义是:非契约当事人不得请求契约权利,也不必承担契约义务。可以说,如果没有契约相对性理论,就不会有意思自治或契约自由,也就不会有真正意义上的私法体系。依王泽鉴先生的观点,契约在性质上是一种特别关系,仅债权人得向债务人请求履行给付义务或附随义务,其他第三人在契约上既不享有权利,亦不负担义务。此项原则自传统大陆民法“法锁”观念就可得见,甚为合理。
The principle of contractual relativity is the first cornerstone of the construction of classical contract law system. Its basic meaning is that non-contractual parties can not ask for contractual rights or assume contractual obligations. It can be said that without the theory of contractual relativity, there would be no meaning autonomy or contractual freedom, and there would be no system of private law in the true sense. According to Mr. Wang Zejian, the contract is a kind of special relationship in nature. Only the creditor may request to the debtor to fulfill the payment obligation or the accompanying obligation. The other third party has neither the right nor the obligation under the contract. This principle can be seen from the traditional civil law “law lock ” concept, very reasonable.