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获益能力(access)指各种经济主体获得、维持和控制利益的各种能力,获益能力理论关注现实环境中自然资源利益的分配,谁是既得利益者,凭借什么获得、维持利益和控制其他参与者的利益。获益能力理论可以为我们理解现实情境中诸多资源产生的利益的分配不公问题提供理论框架,也可以作为有力的资源政策分析工具。获益能力由自然资源、技术、知识、资本、劳动等内层能力,法律政策、国际政治力量、文化、社会地位和关系以及习惯风俗等外围能力构成。与产权理论相比,获益能力理论新颖之处在于不仅关注价格或产权这样的单一控制和积累机制,而且拓展到分析市场运行中的经济、政治和社会相互作用机制,产权尚不足以保护资源产权所有者获得公平的资源利益分配。
Benefit (access) refers to a variety of economic entities to obtain, maintain and control the interests of the various capabilities, benefits theory of ability to pay attention to the distribution of natural resources in the real environment, who are vested interests, by virtue of what to obtain, maintain interest and control Other participants’ interests. Benefit-ability theory can provide a theoretical framework for our understanding of the inequitable distribution of benefits arising from the many resources in the real situation and can also serve as a powerful resource policy analysis tool. Benefit-ability consists of peripheral capabilities such as internal capabilities of natural resources, technology, knowledge, capital and labor, legal policies, international political forces, culture, social status and relationships, and customary customs. Compared with the theory of property rights, the novelty of profitability theory is that it not only focuses on the single control and accumulation mechanism such as price or property rights, but also expands to analyze the economic, political and social interaction mechanisms in market operation. Property rights are not enough to protect resources Equity owners receive a fair distribution of resources.