选择海洋模式生物马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)为受试生物,在分子遗传水平上研究了120号船用燃料油经消油剂处理前后对海胆基因突变的诱导效应。在污染暴露时间分别设定为7、14、21d,油水配比浓度分别设定为0.28、0.56、1.13、2.25和4.5 g/L的实验条件下,采用单链构象多态性技术(SSCP),检测CyⅡa和SP-runt基因的突变情况,并对突变位点进行测序。结果表明:消油剂处理前后CyⅡa基因均未出现基因突变;消油剂处理前SP-Runt基因未出现突变,而消油剂处理后突变与暴露天数和浓度呈正相关,该基因编码区的第986位上胸腺嘧啶(T)突变成胞嘧啶(C),导致缬氨酸转变成丙氨酸。实验证明使用消油剂分散120号船用燃料油产生的复合毒性效应使海胆SP-Runt基因突变几率增加,原因可能是消油剂将120号燃料油分散为水中细小油滴增加了生物接触石油烃的概率,而且具有亲脂性的消油剂对石油烃,特别是有毒多环芳烃(PAHs)具有显著增溶作用,增加了有毒污染物的生物利用率。 The selection of marine model organism Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus as the tested organism was conducted to study the induction effect on the sea urchin gene mutation at the molecular genetic level before and after the treatment of 120 marine fuel oil by the oil dispersant. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique was used to determine the effect of exposure time on the 7th, 14th, 21st day and the oil / water ratio of 0.28, 0.56, 1.13, 2.25 and 4.5 g / The mutations of CyⅡa and SP-runt genes were detected and the mutation sites were sequenced. The results showed that there was no gene mutation in the CyⅡa gene before and after the oil dispersant treatment. There was no mutation in the SP-Runt gene before the oil dispersant treatment, but there was a positive correlation between the mutation and the days and concentration of exposure after the oil dispersant treatment. Mutation of thymine (T) at position 986 into cytosine (C) resulted in the conversion of valine to alanine. Experiments show that dispersant dispersant No. 120 using marine fuel oil composite toxic effects of increased risk of sea urchin SP-Runt gene mutation may be due to dispersants will be No. 120 fuel oil dispersed into small droplets of water increased biological contact with petroleum hydrocarbons , And the lipophilic dispersant has a significant solubilization effect on petroleum hydrocarbons, especially toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increases the bioavailability of toxic pollutants.