自报身份案件是指在侦查过程中无法证明犯罪嫌疑人(被告人)主体身份,在刑事诉讼的拘留、逮捕、移送和审查起诉等程序中按犯罪嫌疑人自报的内容认定主体身份的案件。由于我国地域广大,民族众多,人口分布不均,地区发展不平衡,流动人口犯罪现象突出,加上户籍制度等历史遗留问题,涉及假报身份、冒名顶替等虚假陈述的现象较为普遍, Self-reported identity case refers to the case in which the identity of the subject can not be proved as the main body of the criminal suspects (defendants) in the course of the investigation and in the procedures of detention, arrest, transfer and examination and prosecution of criminal proceedings, . Due to China’s vast territory, numerous ethnic groups, uneven population distribution, unbalanced regional development, prominent crime phenomenon among floating population, coupled with the problems left over by history such as the household registration system, the false statements involving false identities and impostors are more prevalent.