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目的:估算甘草药材产量和甘草酸含量的广义遗传力及其与各生长指标和生物量指标的遗传相关关系,为优质甘草培育技术体系建立提供科学依据。方法:采用随机区组法布置多点种源试验,采用HPLC测定甘草酸含量,采用经典遗传学的方法估算广义遗传力和遗传相关系数。结果与结论:甘草酸含量受产地环境和自身遗传双重因素的影响,但产地环境的影响占主导地位;单试验点广义遗传力(h2)估算结果表明,药材产量(W下)和甘草酸含量的广义遗传力分别为0.663 2,0.751 1,受中等偏上遗传控制,具有一定的遗传改良潜力。遗传相关分析结果表明,无论在表型上还是遗传上,株高和地径与药材产量(W下)均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,这暗示株高和地茎可作为评估甘草药材产量的地上指标;甘草酸含量与侧根数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与株高、地径、芦头直径(D芦头)、总生物量(W总)以及地下部分生物量(W下)等指标在遗传上均呈显著或极显著的负相关。这暗示在甘草遗传改良中,高产和高含量难以兼顾,在制定遗传改良方案时,要根据具体改良目标权衡考虑。
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the general heritability of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and glycyrrhizic acid content and its genetic relationship with each growth index and biomass index, and to provide a scientific basis for establishing the technical system of high quality licorice cultivation. Methods: Multi-point germination test was conducted by random block method. The content of glycyrrhizic acid was determined by HPLC, and the general heritability and genetic correlation coefficient were estimated by classical genetics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The content of glycyrrhizic acid was influenced by both the origin of the environment and its own genetic factors, but the influence of habitat environment dominates. The results of the generalized heritability (h2) of the single experimental site showed that the yield of glycyrrhizin was lower than that of glycyrrhizic acid The generalized heritabilities were 0.663 and 2.0.751 1, respectively, which were controlled by the moderate upper genotype and had some potential for genetic improvement. Genetic correlation analysis showed that there was a significant (P <0.01) positive correlation between plant height and diameter and plant yield (W <0.01) both in phenotypic and genetic aspects, suggesting that the plant height and stem could be used to evaluate licorice There was a significant positive correlation between glycyrrhizin content and lateral root number (P <0.05), but not with plant height, diameter, diameter of D. reed head, total biomass (W total) The amount of (W lower) and other indicators of the genetic were significant or very significant negative correlation. This implies that in the genetic improvement of licorice, high yield and high content are difficult to balance. In the process of formulating the genetic improvement plan, we should consider the specific improvement goals.