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神经胶质瘤是一种常见的、复杂的恶性肿瘤,现有的治疗方法仍不能明显提高患者的生存期。近年来,越来越多的研究表明MGMT启动子甲基化状态与神经胶质瘤诊断、治疗和预后密切相关。编码修复O6-甲基鸟嘌呤的MGMT可以帮助肿瘤细胞逃避烷化剂的细胞毒作用,但MGMT启动子常会因为发生甲基化降低基因的表达,最终阻碍DNA的修复。研究已证实MGMT基因甲基化是一种可靠的胶质瘤预测标志物,且MGMT基因甲基化的胶质瘤患者对化、放疗更敏感,生存期更长。根据患者的MGMT基因甲基化状态,制定及实施不同的治疗方案,实现个体化治疗或许可以提高化、放疗疗效和改善预后。因此,本文对MGMT基因甲基化检测在神经胶质瘤治疗中的作用以及目前常用的MGMT基因启动子甲基化检测方法的研究进展进行了综述。
Glioma is a common and complicated malignant tumor. The existing treatment methods still can not significantly improve the survival of patients. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that MGMT promoter methylation status is closely related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of glioma. MGMT, which codes for O6-methylguanine, helps tumor cells escape the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents, but the MGMT promoter often reduces gene expression due to methylation, ultimately hindering DNA repair. Studies have confirmed that MGMT gene methylation is a reliable marker of glioma prediction, and MGMT gene methylation in patients with glioma more sensitive to chemotherapy, longer survival. According to the patient’s MGMT gene methylation status, the development and implementation of different treatment options, individualized treatment may be able to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and improve prognosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of methylation detection of MGMT in the treatment of glioma and the current research progress of methylation detection of MGMT gene promoter.