毛泽东提出的“革命的功利主义”借助唯物史观的理论张力,把历史观和伦理学统一起来,以利益原则为基础来探讨义利关系,对传统的义利之辩作出了新的回答。而其晚年的思想和实践却又折回以“义”拒“利”、以“平均主义”说“义”、以“公利”压制“私利”的老路。就毛泽东的义利观与传统义利观的关系而言,“革命的功利主义”可谓是对传统义利观的革命性变革,而其晚年的回归则深刻地反映出传统义利观的深层制约。 The “revolutionary utilitarianism” proposed by Mao Zedong uses the theoretical tension of historical materialism to unify the view of history and ethics, explores the relationship of justice and interest on the basis of the principle of benefit, and gives a new answer to the debate on the traditional morality and interest. However, his later years of thought and practice have replaced the old way of saying “justice” by “egalitarianism” and “righteousness” by “egalitarianism” and “self-interest” by “public interest”. As far as the relationship between the righteousness and the benefit view of Mao Zedong and the traditional viewpoint of righteousness and benefit is concerned, “revolutionary utilitarianism” can be described as a revolutionary change of the traditional concept of righteousness and benefit, whereas the return of his later years profoundly reflects the deep Restrictions.