在远程弹道导弹和人造地球卫星、航天飞机或行星探测器等进入大气层时,由于极高的飞行速度,引起周围气体的高度加热,形成部分电离等离子体,对于飞行器的结构可靠性和传热,无线电通讯、飞行中的物理现象产生很大的影响.高性能航天器需要长时间、小推力、极高比冲的推进系统,为此发展了电热推进、离子推进、等离子推进等新的电推进方法.本文扼要介绍三方面的问 As long-range ballistic missiles and artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft or planetary detectors enter the atmosphere, due to the extremely high flying speed, the surrounding air is heated to a high degree to form part of the ionized plasma. For structural reliability and heat transfer of the aircraft, Radio communication and in-flight physical phenomena.High-performance spacecraft needs propulsion system with long time, small thrust and high specific impulse, so new electric propulsion such as electric propulsion, ion propulsion and plasma propulsion have been developed This article briefly outlines three aspects of the question