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世界能源研究所(WRI)的研究表明,中国页岩气储量高达30万亿立方米以上,居世界第一,几乎是美国的两倍。对世界头号能源消费国中国而言,这无疑是个好消息。然而现有的页岩气开采过程,多采用水力压裂法,是将大量的水、沙子和化学药剂的混合物以高压注入井下,打碎含有天然气或石油的岩层,使页岩气溢出。在美国,水力压裂环节对水的需求量高达700万至2300万升。在作业过程中,部分包含有毒化学药品的水会回流到地表。如果没有处理妥当,就可能造成当地水体、土壤等生态环境污染。甚至有美国研究机构指责,水力压裂技术破坏地层结构后似乎会引发更多地震。
Research by the World Energy Institute (WRI) shows that shale gas reserves in China are as high as more than 30 trillion cubic meters, ranking the first in the world, almost double that of the United States. This is undoubtedly good news for China, the number one energy consumer in the world. However, the existing shale gas exploitation uses hydraulic fracturing to inject a large amount of water, sand and chemical mixture into the well under high pressure to break down the rock formation containing natural gas or oil to overflow the shale gas. In the United States, water fracturing needs up to 7 to 23 million liters of water. During operation, some of the water containing toxic chemicals will flow back to the surface. If not handled properly, it may cause local water, soil and other ecological pollution. Even some U.S. research institutes have accused the hydro-fracturing technology of undermining the stratigraphic structure that seems to trigger more earthquakes.