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目的:调查急性白血病患者医院内感染的发生情况,为降低白血病患者医院内感染发生率提供参考。方法:抽取2011年3月—2014年2月我院血液科住院的急性白血病患者265例的病历资料,记录患者年龄、性别、急性白血病类型等一般资料,统计是否发生感染,感染部位、病原体、住院时间及是否接受化疗等情况。结果:本组急性白血病患者医院内感染率32.5%;感染部位以上呼吸道最为多见,感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主。≥60岁、接受化疗、中性粒细胞计数<0.5×109/L的患者感染率显著或非常显著高于<60岁、未接受化疗及中性粒细胞计数≥0.5×109/L的患者(P<0.05,P<0.01);而不同性别、不同白血病类型之间医院内感染率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:急性白血病患者医院内感染发生率高,高龄、接受化疗、粒细胞绝对计数降低者更易发生感染。
Objective: To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infections in patients with acute leukemia and provide reference for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections in patients with leukemia. Methods: The records of 265 cases of acute leukemia hospitalized in Department of Hematology, our hospital from March 2011 to February 2014 were collected and the general data such as age, sex and type of acute leukemia were recorded. The incidence of infection, infection site, pathogen, Hospital stay and whether to accept chemotherapy and so on. Results: The incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with acute leukemia was 32.5%. The most common respiratory tract was above infection site. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of infection. Patients ≥60 years of age who underwent chemotherapy and had a neutrophil count of <0.5 × 109 / L had significantly or significantly higher rates of infection than those <60 years and those who did not receive chemotherapy and neutrophil count ≥0.5 × 109 / L ( P <0.05, P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in nosocomial infection rates between different genders and different types of leukemia (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of nosocomial infection in acute leukemia patients is high, and elderly patients receiving chemotherapy and getting lower absolute neutrophil count are more likely to develop infection.