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碳金融的内涵从狭义到广义可划分为三个层次,分别基于碳交易、碳减排和气候变化的应对行动。广义的碳金融业务据此分为三个市场:低碳产业投融资市场、碳交易市场和气候风险资本市场,这三个市场共有绿色信贷、低碳产业直接融资、碳指标及衍生品交易、碳交易中介服务、碳金融理财产品、天气衍生品和巨灾债券七种业务模式。本文以制度、市场和组织三个维度作为衡量标准,分析我国碳金融业务的成熟度,将我国的碳金融业务分为成熟体系和新兴体系两个层次,发展思路包括:优先发展碳减排相关业务,重点支持融资类业务,积极布局气候风险管理业务。
The connotation of carbon finance can be divided into three levels from narrow sense to broad sense, based on the response of carbon trading, carbon emission reduction and climate change respectively. Accordingly, the broad carbon finance business is divided into three markets: low carbon industry investment and financing market, carbon trading market and climate risk capital market. These three markets share green credit, direct financing of low carbon industries, carbon indicators and derivatives trading, Carbon trading intermediary services, carbon financial products, weather derivatives and catastrophe bonds seven business models. Based on the three dimensions of system, market and organization, this paper analyzes the maturity of China’s carbon finance business and divides its carbon finance business into two levels: mature system and emerging system. The development ideas include: giving priority to the development of carbon emission reduction Business, focusing on financing business, and actively layout climate risk management business.