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通过野外实地观测 ,对煤矸石山 9年生刺槐林分 (株行距 1 .5 m× 2 .0 m)的生长规律、生产力水平和生态效应及其制约因素进行了研究。结果表明 :林分树高、胸径和材积具有不同的生长节律 ,树高的速生期出现最早 ,生长高峰出现在 1年生 (年生长量 1 .6 5 m) ,以后逐渐下降 ;胸径速生期出现在 2～ 4年生 (年生长量 0 .6～ 1 .0 cm) ,4年生以后便明显下降 ;材积速生期出现在 3～ 6年生 (单株材积年生长量 0 .0 0 1 m3以上 ) ,7年生以后明显下降。林分胸高直径分布的顶峰极度偏左 (偏度 SK达 0 .5 889) ,细小林木个体数量偏多 ,林分密度偏大 ,应进行间伐调整。刺槐林分具有明显减小煤矸石山渗透速率、提高持水、供水能力的作用 ,林地植树带初始入渗率为 7.4 1 mm· min- 1,稳渗率为 1 .75 mm· min- 1;而对照坡面初始入渗率高达 1 3.0 3mm· min- 1,稳渗率为 2 .1 8mm· min- 1。林分能防止矸石山酸化、增加矸石山全 N量并促进 N素的有效化 ,刺槐林地的 p H值为 7.6 8,比裸露矸石山 ( p H5 .4 7)高出 34 .7% ;林地有机质含量为 2 6 .1 2 % ,比裸露矸石山( 1 9.2 0 % )高出 36 % ;全 N量和速效 N量分别为 0 .33%和 5 2 .95 mg·kg- 1,分别比裸露矸石山高出 4 3.5 %和 2 0 .8%。
Through the field observation, the growth pattern, productivity, ecological effect and its restraining factors of 9-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia forest stand (row spacing 1.5 m × 2.0 m) were studied. The results showed that: tree height, breast diameter and volume had different growth rhythm, the earliest rapid growth of tree height appeared, the peak of growth occurred in 1 year (annual growth of 1.56 m), and then decreased gradually; In 2 ~ 4 years old (annual growth of 0.6 ~ 1.0 cm), decreased significantly after 4 years of age; the rapid growth of the material occurs in 3 to 6 years (annual growth of single plant annual volume 0 0 01 m3) , After 7 years of age decreased significantly. The peak height distribution of the chest diameter distribution was extreme left (skewness SK of 0.5889). The number of individual forest trees was too large and the stand density was too high. The Robinia pseudoacacia forest has the effect of significantly reducing the infiltration rate of coal gangue hill and increasing the water holding capacity and water supply capacity. The initial infiltration rate of tree plantation belt was 7.41 mm · min-1, and the steady infiltration rate was 1.75 mm · min -1 The initial infiltration rate of the control slope was as high as 1303mm · min-1 and the steady infiltration rate was 2.18mm · min-1. The stand can prevent the acidification of waste rock, increase the total N content of waste rock and promote the N availability. The p H value of black locust forest is 7.68, which is 34.7% higher than that of exposed waste rock pheasant (p H5. 47). The content of organic matter in forest was 26.12%, which was 36% higher than that of exposed waste rock (1.92%). The content of total N and available N was 0.33% and 52.95 mg · kg-1, respectively, Respectively 3.55% and 20.8% higher than the bare waste rock.