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针对压水堆、沸水堆、气冷堆、钠冷堆核动力装置的实际过程,建立了最简单的热动力学模型.利用热力学第二定律建立的火用分析方法,对核动力装置中主要的热量传递、作功与受功过程的不可逆性进行了分析.文中以A型和B型电站压水堆核动力装置为实例进行的火用损失与火用效率的对比计算表明:反应堆内裂变能从裂变碎片到燃料的传递过程是整个核动力装置火用损失最大的地方,其次是堆内燃料元件导热过程,然后依次是汽轮机、蒸发器、冷凝器、管路、泵.而火用效率最低的地方是冷凝器,其次是汽轮机、堆内燃料元件、蒸发器.
The simplest thermodynamic model was established for the actual process of PWR, BWR, gas-cooled reactor and sodium-cooled reactor nuclear power plant.Using the exergy analysis method established by the second law of thermodynamics, Heat transfer, work and process of irreversibility were analyzed.In this paper, the A and B type PWR nuclear power plant as an example of the comparison of exergy loss and the exergy efficiency calculations show that: the reactor fission The transfer of fission fragments to fuel is the most exergy loss of the whole nuclear power plant, followed by the thermal conduction of fuel components in the reactor, followed by the steam turbine, evaporator, condenser, pipeline and pump, while the exergy efficiency The lowest place is the condenser, followed by the turbine, the fuel components inside the reactor, and the evaporator.