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随着世界范围的人口老龄化的迅速发展,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)已成为当今社会的重要医疗卫生问题.研究发现近30年来在部分高收入国家,AD发病率正呈下降趋势发展,这与生活环境改善、教育及医疗水平提高相关.因此了解AD相关风险因素并早期采取干预措施,有望延缓AD发生与进展.目前已证实影响AD发生的不可调控性风险因素主要有年龄、性别、家族史及遗传因素;而低教育程度、中年高血压、中年肥胖、糖尿病、缺乏锻炼、抽烟及抑郁.这些可调控性风险因素也与AD发生密切相关,通过现存的风险评分系统区分痴呆高风险人群,以期为AD靶向预防开辟新途径.“,”With the aggravation of worldwide population aging,Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been an enormous impact on public health nowadays.Previous studies showed the incidence of AD has been declining in some high-income countries over three decades,which may be associated with improvement of living environment,education and medical care conditions.Therefore,evaluation risk factors of AD and take corresponding preventive measures has become an urgent problem to delay the occurrence and progress of AD.The mainly non-modifiable risk factors including age,gender,family history of genetic disease and genetic factors.Several modifiable risk factors are also confirmed to increase risk of AD occurrences,such as low education,hypertension and obesity in mid-life,diabetes mellitus,less physical activity,current smoking and depression.Various existing risk models for identifying individuals with high risk of AD have been developed in order to open new doors for targeted prevention.