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休谟把经验科学的方法运用于“人性”问题的探讨 ,认为关于实际的知识都建立在因果律之上。而因果律来自经验 ,经验是习惯 ,从而否定归纳推理的可证性 ,使古典经验主义终结。他的观念关系和实际事物两类命题的划分在哲学史上首次区分了分析与综合。休谟认为 ,综合知识只能最后归于心理作用 ,任何逻辑论只能是诡辩和幻想。休谟坚持因果关系的存在 ,他只是怀疑它的可证性和归纳推理的有效性。康德受此启发 ,从人类理性的角度提出“先天综合判断”,这也构成了现代认识论不可回避而又难以回答的问题
Hume applied the method of empirical science to the discussion of “human nature” and held that all the knowledge about reality is based on the law of causality. The causality from experience, experience is the habit, thus negating the feasibility of inductive reasoning, the classical empiricism ended. The division of his two propositions of concept relations and real things, for the first time, distinguishes between analysis and synthesis in the history of philosophy. Hume believes that the comprehensive knowledge can only be attributed to the last psychological effect, any logical theory can only be sophistry and fantasy. Hume insists on the existence of causation, he just doubts its validity and induces the validity of reasoning. Kant is inspired by this, put forward “innate comprehensive judgment” from the perspective of human rationality, which also constitutes an unavoidable and difficult question for modern epistemology